Digital Mucous Cyst Excision

A common problem that affects people of all ages is the development of a digital mucous cyst. These are small fluid-filled sacs that develop on joints of the fingers or toes. These cysts can become painful, but mostly they are obnoxious and get in the way of everyday activities. These kinds of cysts usually occur only on the joint closest to the end of the finger or toe, so they can sometimes develop on the cuticles of the digit. These cysts are shiny and firm to the touch, and can vary in size. Many times, these cysts will go away on their own, but in some cases they need to be removed. This is usually only considered if the cyst is large or particularly painful. Patients experiencing painful mucous cysts should consult with their doctor immediately

Causes of Mucous Cysts

For most people, these cysts just occur naturally; However, for many patients they develop as a result of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis is a painful condition where the protective cartilage around the bones has disintegrated, causing the joints to rub together. This can create bone spurs on the joints as well. These can be painful or asymptomatic, but these can also cause cysts. In a similar manner, mucous cysts can develop after an injury that degenerates the protective cartilage as well. Another cause of these types of cysts is when a person’s cells are producing too much mucin. Mucin is a type of protein essential in the production of mucus. When there is too much being produced, it can lead to a cyst developing in that area. 

Other Treatments of Mucous Cysts 

Many patients who experience digital mucous cysts have no pain and the cyst goes away over time. There are other treatments available that usually a doctor will recommend trying before surgery. Many times the cyst is punctured and drained. One treatment is known as cryotherapy, where a cyst is drained and then frozen using liquid nitrogen. Another is using lasers or heat to burn the base of the cyst after it is drained. A less common treatment is the use of a steroidal injection that shrinks the cyst. All of these treatments may be effective initially, but tend to have a high rate of recurrence. This means that the cysts tend to come back over and over. This is usually when surgery is suggested, as most people do not experience recurrence of cysts after excision.

Cyst Excision Procedure 

This is a minimally invasive surgery that is considered to be low-risk. First, the patient is placed under a local anesthetic and the patient’s hand or foot is sterilized. A tourniquet is placed to limit blood loss. A small incision is made over the joint of the affected digit, which varies in size or shape depending on the cyst that is being removed. The skin is pulled back to reveal the cyst, which is then cut away. The joint is inspected by the surgeon for any bone spurs or other growths, which are also removed. Then the incision site is closed with sutures and secured. A splint is usually placed on the finger as well. 

Recovery Time

After the surgery has been completed, the patient is monitored for a short period of time to check for any adverse reactions. If there are no complications, the patient can return home almost immediately after the surgery. Complications are rare but can happen. After returning home, the patient will have to care for the wound for several days, following the instructions of their doctor. Within a few days, the patient should begin stretching and moving the joint lightly to prevent any stiffness, and after a few weeks they should be able to return to completely normal function and mobility.  

Long Term Outcomes of Cyst Excision 

After the surgery and recovery, most patients do not experience scarring or severe post-surgical pain. The rate of cysts recurring are low after surgery as well. This can be a simple solution to a recurring problem! Many patients are satisfied and pleased with the results of this procedure.

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